MusixCool© was written by people who love music for people who love music and for music to make more people love people.

In memory of My beloved late wife Kati Dafni My music teacher Misha Applebaum My music teacher Batia Strauss My friend Erez Mizrachi My peace leader Itzhak Rabin Thanks Nadav Algazy for the English translation Dr. Benyamin Alon - my Proofreader Shay Savir for the players animations Mark and all librarians in the Israeli conservatory Staff in Tel-Aviv municipal music center To my students and sponsors To my parents To God System Requirements Warranty Disclaimer License Agreement

The Encyclopedia We offer MusixCool© - an educational encyclopedia of music - so studying about music will be fascinating, pleasant, versatile and real. In MusixCool©, we have tried to link the world of music and its development to everything that has happened historically and is currently happening right now in the world, in other fields. We believe one neither can, nor should, encompass all the information on the topics mentioned here within this type of encyclopedia, however we do wish to grant a broad view of the musical realm. It is our intention to stress what is important, provide the proper examples and links for every subject, thus allowing whoever is interested to continue, learn and investigate any topic in depth, with further means. You are invited to meet the world of music with this encyclopedia, in a technique we call "Encyclomedia", which is the combination of a music encyclopedia and multimedia experience, in order to emphasize and transmit information in a wise and intuitive way. MusixCool will not include all the possible information on the different topics. We offer you short, well-emphasized and to-the-point information on the variety of musical concepts and terms, components and subjects. Nevertheless, we shall not give up reading the good old books, traditional encyclopedias (although we may admit those can be rather dull sometimes...), listening to CDs, records and even live concerts. There is nothing like the above for achieving a deeper comprehension of a particular issue, until one masters the range of knowledge it embraces. MusixCool© is connected to the wide world out there, on the web. You can learn about most of the terms and subjects presented within MusixCool© via the Internet, too. Press the Internet button on every screen, and you will be immediately linked to brilliant websites dealing with the issue of concern, and to search engines, which will carry out smart searches for you, on the very same subject. The Author Nadav Dafni is an Israeli musician, specializing in educational musical computing. Along with developing music learning software, he is engaged in marketing and counseling for governmental agencies, about incorporating computers in music education. Advises universities, colleges and the Israeli Ministry of Education. He holds an MA degree, Summa Cum Laude (with greatest praise or highest distinction), specializing in development computer-based curricula, from the Tel-Aviv University. Nadav Dafni

Copyrights and thanks

Music courtesy:

Musical recordings were given with permission from:

1. Hyperion Records Ltd, London - chamber and early music
2. The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra - symphonic parts
3. Flashkit Galleries - freeware signs and modern styles
4. Lark In The Morning - World Music Instruments - world musical instruments


and these artists...

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Sound samples and musical effects were purchased from:

1. A Zillion Sounds 2.0. Beachware. Escondido. CA
2. Music Mall by Hobbit Multimedia
3. 24,000 samples on 20 CDs by Masterbeats
4. Web Clip Empire 250.000 Sounds by Xoom

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Other resources were given by:

1. Justin Boyan - Snark Search Engine Java Script
2. http://www.musictheory.net/
3. Rainbow Notes By Karl Hornell

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MIDI files courtesy:

1. Pierre R. Schwob - from the Classical MIDI Archives
2. Curtis Clark Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Pomona CA 91768
3. Robert Glaubitz ariaman@aria-database.com The Aria Database
4. Benjamin Tubb
5. The following:


Mein Vater from "Parsifal" - Wagner (R.Archibald)

Concertino for Clarinet and Orchestra in Eb, Op.26 - Weber (R.Bakels)
Clarinet quintet in A, K.581 - Part 1 - Mozart (R.Bakels)
Part 1 - Serenade for 10 wind instr., cello, dblbass in Dm, Op.44 (R.Behringer)
Symphony No.1 in D, 'Titan' - Part 3 "Feierlich und gemessen, ohne zu schleppend" - Mahler (R.Behringer)
Prelude from 'Háry János Suite' - Kodály (R.Behringer)
"Viennese Musical Clock" - Kodály (R.Behringer)
"Alla Hornpipe" from Suite No.2 in D - Handel (G.Breed)

A Witches' Sabbath from 'Symphonie Fantastique', Op.14 (M.K.Carr)
Gymnopedie No.1 - Satie (C.C.Catapano)
Bourree from Suite No.1 in Em for lute, BWV.996 - J.S. Bach (L.Chambers)
Marche Militaire in D, Op.51 No.1 (D733) - Schubert (L.Chambers)
Le Carnival des Animaux - Les Tortues (R.Chichakly)
Le Carnival des Animaux - Le Cygne (R.Chichakly)
Le Carnival des Animaux - The Elephant (R.Chichakly)
Humoreske No.1, Op.101 No.1 (J. Cowles)
Nocturne, Op.24 No.4 - Sibelius (J. Cowles)
American Suite in A for piano, Op.98 - Dvorak (J. Cowles)
Serenade Melancholique, Op.26 - Tchaikovsky (A.DeBrandt)
"Saturn" from "The Planets" - Holst (J.Deckard)
Agnus Dei - Machaut (P.Drum)
Dido And Aeneas - Lament - Purcell (P.Drum)
Nina, Canzonetta - Pergolesi (F.Dupont)
Hungarian Drinking Song (R.Dwyer)

24 violin capriccio - Paganini (J.R.Einsel)

Passacaglia in Cm, BWV.582 - J.S. Bach (M.Fabbri - fabbri@usf.br - www.usf.br/fabbri)
Les Sauvages - Ravel (M.Fabbri)
Tambourin - Ravel (M.Fabbri)
'Music is the highest gift of God' - Four-part round - Lassus (J.A.Faulkner)
Arabesque No.1 in E - Debussy (R.S.Finley)
Bagatelle Without Tonality - Liszt (P.Wolfe/R.Finley)
'Ondine' from 'Gaspard De La Nuit' - Ravel (R.Finley)
Traumerei - (No.7) from 'Kinderszenen' Op.15 - Schumann (R.Finley)
Impromptu No.3 - Faure (R.Finley)
A Bee's Wedding - Mendelssohn (R.Finley)
Liebestraume No.3 - Liszt (R.Finley)
"Gondoliera" from "Venezia e Napoli" - Liszt (R.Finley)
Polonaise in Ab 'Heroic', Op.53 - Chopin (R.Finley)
Intermezzi, Op.117 No.1 (R.S.Finley)
La fille aux cheveux de lin (R.S.Finley)
"Introduction, Gnomus" from "Pictures at an Exhibition" (R.Finley)
"The Old Castle" from "Pictures at an Exhibition" (R.Finley)
"Ballet of Chickens" from "Pictures at an Exhibition" (R.Finley)
String quartet, Op.10 - 1st mov. (M.H.Fraser)

The Sorcerer's Apprentice (J.Gilbert)
Rhapsody on a Paganini's theme, Op.43 - Variations 1-6 - Rachmaninoff (G.Goldberg/D.Siu)
Piano Concerto No.2 in Cm, Op.18 - Part 2 (Adagio sostenuto) - Rachmaninoff (G.Goldberg & A.De Brandt)
1812 Overture in Eb, Op.49 - Tchaikovsky (R.Goodyear)
Chaconne from Partita No.2 in Dm, BWV.1004 - J.S. Bach (D.Grossman)


Horn Concerto No.1 in D, K.412 - Mozart (D.A.Hall)
Toccata No.3 - Frescobaldi (W.Hall)
Sicilienne from 'Pelleas et Melisande' - Faure (A.F.Larese Henshaw)
"Mars, the bringer of war" from "The Planets" - Holst (J.Hines)
Caprice in E, Op.1 No.1 - Paganini (M.Hirokawa)
Caprice in Bm, Op.1 No.2 - Paganini (M.Hirokawa)
Vexilla Regis - Bruckner (J.C.Houg)

Little Fugue in Gm, BWV.578 - J.S. Bach (C.Ikenoue)
'Valse triste' from The incidental music for Kuolema, Op.44 - Sibelius (C.Ikenoue)
No.14 in F#m, Op.48 No.2 - Chopin (D.Inoue)

Chorale No.2 for Organ - Franck (L.Juan)
Pavane for orchestra and chorus ad lib., Op.50 - Faure (D.Juna)

Symphony No.5 - Finale part - Mahler (A.Kanda)
Octet for Strings, Op.20 - 1st mov - Mendelssohn (A.Kanda)
Flight of the Bumblebee - Rimsky-Korsakov (J.S.Kaufman)
'Loving Mother of Our Savior' (Alma redemptoris mater) - Palestrina (M.Klein)
Toccata and Fugue in Dm, BWV 565 - J.S. Bach (J.Knowles)
Prelude Op.11 No.4 - Scriabin (P.Kriek)

Absalon, Fili Mi (D.Little)
Marche Slave, Op.31 - Tchaikovsky (H.L.Lu)

Menuet from Suite in Am for Recorder - Telemann (P.Machonis)
Messa da Requiem - Part 6, Lux aeterna - Verdi (K.Maslanka)
Coronation Mass in C, K.317 - Gloria - Mozart (J.G.Mayer)
'Arabian Dance' from 'Nutcracker Suite', Op.71a - Tchaikovsky (J.G.Mayer)
Prelude a l'apresmidi d'un faune - Debussy (D.Mitchell)

Gigue in Em - Handel (R.Nau)
Humoresque in Gb, Op.101, No.7 (D.A.Newman)
String Quartet No.16 in F - 1st mov (W.Paxson)
String quartet No.1 in G, K.80 - Mozart (J.N.Perdue)
e from Orchestral Suite No.2 in Bm, BWV.1067 - J.S. Bach (P.&B. Parkanyi)éBourr
Sarabande from Orchestral Suite No.2 in Bm, BWV.1067 - J.S. Bach (P.&B. Parkanyi)
Badinerie from Orchestral Suite No.2 in Bm, BWV.1067 - J.S. Bach (P.&B. Parkanyi)
Allegro moderato from Mandolin concerto in C - Vivaldi (V.Phillips)
Mandolin concerto in C - Part 1 (Allegro moderato) - Vivaldi (V.Phillips)
The Magic Flute, K.620 - Finale, Papageno - Mozart (K.Phillips)

Bagatelle Op.6 No.2 (F.Raborn)
Concertino for clarinet, Op.26 - Weber (F.Raborn)
Variations for Orchestra on a Theme from Haydn's St. Anthony's Chorale, Op.56 - Theme (F.Raborn)
Symphony No.7 'Midi' - 1st mov - Haydn (F.Raborn)
Flute concerto in D - Part 1 (Allegro aperto) - Mozart (E.Rantanen)
Allegro aperto from Flute concerto in D (K.314) - Mozart (E.Rantanen)

Rondeau from 'Abdalazer' - Purcell (R.B.Reich)
Concerto for piccolo in C - Vivaldi (R.Reid)
Concerto in Bb for bassoon, K.191 - Mozart (R.Reid)
Rosamunde, Op.26 (D797) - Ballet Music No.1 - Schubert (B.Richards)
The Pearl Fishers - Duet - Bizet (L.Roberts)

Requiem aeternam (from Introitus) from the Requiem, K.626 - Mozart (M.Salvi)
La Boheme Act.1 - 'Questo mar rosso...' - Puccini (M.Salvi)
Sonata k322 - Scarlatti (John Sankey)
Partita No.3 in Am, BWV.827 - J.S. Bach (J.Sankey)
Goldberg Variations, BWV.988 - J.S. Bach (J.Sankey)
Sonata K.320 - Domenico Scarlatti (John Sankey)
Symphony No.41 in C, K.551 'Jupiter' - Part 1 (Allegro vivace) - Mozart (L.C.Sauter)
Divertimento in F, K.253 - Mozart (L.C.Sauter)
Air on the G String - J.S. Bach (Pierre R. Schwob)
Ave Maria (D839) (Pierre R. Schwob)
Double Concerto in Dm for Two Violins, BWV.1043 - J.S. Bach (Pierre R. Schwob)
Fugue No. 2 in Cm BWV 847 - J.S. Bach (Pierre R. Schwob)
Prelude No. 6 in Dm BWV 851 - J.S. Bach (Pierre R. Schwob)
Etude No. 8 for Guitar - F. Sor (Pierre R. Schwob)
Etude No. 17 for Guitar - F. Sor (Pierre R. Schwob)
"Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" - Choral from cantata BWV.147 (Pierre R. Schwob)
Valse in C#m, Op.64 No.2 - Copin (J.Segor)
Clair de lune (R.Sierra)
Estampes - Jardins sous la pluie (D.Siu)
Gigue from English Suite No.3 in Gm, BWV.808 - J.S. Bach (D.Siu)

'Slavonic dance' in A, Op. 46 No. 5 - Dvorak (D.Siu)
'Pie Jesu' from the Requiem, Op.48 - Faure (D.Siu)
Andaluza (Playera) (G.Stein)
Etude in Gbm, Op.10 No.5 'Black Key' - Chopin (K.Stillwell)
'Marche fun bre' from Sonata in Bbm, Op.35 No.2 - Chopin (K.Stillwell)
Symphony No.40 in Gm, K.550 - Part 1 (Molto Allegro) - Mozart (J.M.Stone)
Ave Maria (D839) - Schubert (J.Stone)
Danse Macabre, Op.40 - Saint-SAENS (J.Stone)
Waltz of the Flowers from 'Nutcracker Suite', Op.71a - Tchaikovsky (R.J.Stratton, Jr. )
(N.Sugimura) þ'The Moldau' (Vltava) from Symphonic Poem, 'My Fatherland' - Smetana (Ma Vlast)

Capriccio Arabe for Guitar - Tarrega (C.Tchiang)
Bagatelle No.25 in Am 'For Elise', WoO.59 (R.J.Thompson - www.ry.ca)
Part 1 - Quartet No.10 in Eb, Op.51 (B.R.Tubb)

Sinfonia from "The Coronation of Poppea" - Monteverdi (H-G.Uszkoreit)

Orfeo Suite - Monteverdi (M. J. Starke))


Pastorale from Concerto grosso in Gm, Op.6 No.8 - Corelli (H-G.Uszkoreit)

Valse in C#m, Op.64 No.2 - Chopin (L.Vargha)
Brandenburg Concerto No.2 in F, BWV.1047 parts 3 2 1 - Bach (D.L.Viens)
Double Concerto in Dm for Two Violins, BWV.1043 - J.S. Bach (T.Walter)
Cello Concerto - Haydn (M.Weimer)
"Kyrie" from Missa Secunda - Hassler (M.Weimer)
"Sanctus and Benedictus" from Missa Secunda - Hassler (M.Weimer)
Sonata in F for flute - Telemann (M.Weimer)
Trosterin Musik - Bruckner (M.Weimer)
Renaissance ballade - Palestrina (S.Weiss)

Ricercare 6 from The Musical Offering, BWV.1079 - J.S. Bach (U.Werner)
Horn concerto No.1 in D, K.412 - Mozart (G.Will)
Toccata, Op.11 - Prokofiev (S.Winitzki)

Nocturne from String Quartet No.2 in D (M.Yaskawa)
Prelude No.20 in Cm Op.28 - Chopin (M.Yaskawa)
Symphony No.5 - Adagietto - Mahler (M.Yokota)
Symphony No.8 'Unfinished' - part 1, D849 - Schubert (M.Yokota)

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Artists photos and sounds:

These ensembles and bands gave us photos and sound recordings:

1. Reid Joyce from Hourglass Quartet
2. Schola Pacifica 1995 (Gregorian chants)
3. The Calgary Boys Choir
4. The Boy's Choir of St. Jacob
5. Renaissance Consort Music© by Yasuhiko Higaki
6. Brazos String Quartet
7. Albert Piamenta and the Israeli Saxophone quartet - - >
8. 'Bustan Avraham' ensemble - - >
9. The "Rinat" choir - Israel
10. The "Renanim Recorder Ensemble" & Ephraim Marcus - Israel
11. Leonid Ptashka and Arale Kaminsky's trio - - >
12. The 'Tel-Aviv music center' and it's band 'Tzliley Aviv'
13. Israel Zohar and it's klezmer band
14. The Jerusalem trio
15. The 'Vocal' octet
16. The Israeli Andalusian orchestra - - >
17. The Israeli String Quartet
18. The Minuet ensemble - - >
19. The Madrigal Quartet - - >
20. FRAME record company (David Bellugi)
21. The Israeli composers and writers society
22. The Israeli music institute
23. Hani Swaid for arab music images and recordings
24. The Israeli Philharmonic Choir and Mr. Alex Chruntman
25. The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
26. Mary Radspinner
27. Tel-Aviv International Opera Workshop

Photographs courtesy:

1. Jan Koster - Bach pictures
2. Jenn Langer - Vlatava photos
3. New-York City Images © NYCVB 1997
4. African Music and Dance Ensemble - African music images
5. Mary Radspinner - Celtic Pictures and Music
6. Vikrum Singh - Indian Pictures and Music
7. X Dot 25 Music Productions - World Pictures and Music
8. Yasuhiko Higaki - Renaissance Consort photos
9. Folkers & Powell, Makers of Historical Flutes - Historical Instruments images
10. David Bell - Blues images
11. The Boy's Choir of St. Jacob - Images and Sounds
12. Dwight Thomas - Principal Timpani - Omaha Symphony
13. Lark In The Morning - World Music Instruments images
14. Yamaha Corporation - Musical Instruments images
15. Corel Corporation - Musical Images(c)
16. Web Clip Empire 250.000 by Xoom - Cities images
17. Israeli New Opera - Opera photos
18. NASA - Space and moon images
19. San Diego Opera - Opera photos
20. Dr. Jacob Dafni for world photos
21. Guillaume Pierre - Caves paintings
22. Petr Douša - Electronic scene photos
23. Alex Zhang - Bruckner's sites photos
24. Johan De Boer - J.S. Bach locations and relatives
25. RBX Israel - Musical instruments pictures
26. Daniela Rabinovitch - Avidom's picture with Albert Einstein
27. Photo R. Weissenstein, Tel-Aviv - Toscanini with the The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (1936)
28. Lauri Toivio, Finland - original drawings of composers
29. Michael Nielsen - St.Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow
30. Stephane Egnell - Finland and Russia images
31. Aharon Makmal's musical instruments' collection
32. Jaroslav Mencl from Czech republic - Prokofiev photos

Video courtesy:

All videos taken and edited by Nadav Dafni except:

1. 2 Music Hall VR scenes - by Doug Baker (VRCincinnati)
2. The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra - IPO archive

Paintings courtesy:

In composers screens
Claudio Monteverdi by by Bernardo Strozzi, Oskar Strakosch Collection, Vienna
Henry Purcell (1695) by John Closterman, National Portrait Gallery, London
Ambrosius Bach (father of J.S. bach - c. 1690) in the Music Department of State Library, Berlin
J.S Bach (1748) by Elias Gottlob Haussman, William H. Scheide collection, Princeton, New Jersey
J. S. Bach (young), in the Town Museum, Erfurt
J. S. Bach (young), by Johann Jacob Ihle, Bach-House Museum, Eisenach (icon)
J.C. Bach (youngest son of J.S. known as the 'English' Bach) by Thomas Gainsborough, Liceo Musicale di Bologna
Handel (1749) by Thomas Hudson, University and State Library, Hamburg
Handel composing by Philipp Mercier (1689[?]-1760), Possesion of P. Clemen, Bonn
Mozart (detail) by Krafft in Gesellschaft der Musik-freunde, Vienna
Mozart (Unfinished painting, 1789) by Joseph Lange, Mozarteum, Salzburg
Mozart family (1780) by Johann Nepomuk della Croce, Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum, Salzburg
Mozart the kid (1763) by Lorenzoni, Mozarteum, Salzburg
Mozart the youth at the harpsichord (1770) by Thadaus Helbling, Mozarteum, Salzburg
Constanze Mozart (1802) by Hans Hansen, Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum, Salzburg
Frédéric Chopin (1838) by Delacroix, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Richard Wagner (1882) by Franz Seraph von Lenbach, Wagner Museum, Bayreuth
Verdi by Gravure de Boldini, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome
Beethoven (1804) by Willibrord Joseph Mahler, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna
Beethoven's birth house in 1889, Beethovenhaus, Bonn
Beethoven (1820) by Joseph Carl Stieler, Beethovenhaus, Bonn or: Collection Walter Hinrichsen, New York
Beethoven (1823) by Ferdinand Georg Waldmuller (1793-1865), Beethovenhaus, Bonn
Dvorak by unknown painter, Atelier Josef Machacek
Dvorak by unknown painter, Dvorak birth house, Nelahozeves, Czech Republic
Corelli (1770) by Jan Frans Van Douven, Stiftung Preubische Schlosser und Garten Berlin, Brandenburg
Domenico Scarlatti (1738) by Domingo Antonio Velasco, Casa Museu dos Patudos, Alpiarca, Portugal
Jean-Baptiste Lully in the Imperial Collection, Vienna
Franz Liszt by Henri Lehmann, Liszt Ferenc Memorial Museum, Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, Budapest
Franz Liszt (1856) Oil portrait by Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Liszt Ferenc Memorial Museum, Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, Budapest
Schönberg by Richard Gerstl, Historisches Museum der Stadt, Wien, Vienna
Schubert (1875 - based on a water colour from 1825) by Wilhelm August Rieder, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna
Schubert in a Viennese Burgerhaus by Julius Schmid, Museo della Corale Maschile, Vienna
Liszt spielt (1840) (details) by Josef Danhauser, Nationalgalerie Berlin
Hector Berlioz (1867) by Gustave Courbet, Musee d'Orsay, Paris
Berlioz in Rome (c 1832) by Emile Signol, Villa Medici, Rome
Brahms (young - c. 1860) by Carl Jagemann
Brahms by Ludwig Michalek, Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin
Rossini (1820) by V. Camuccini, Museo Teatrale alla Scala
Rossini in a painting with Liszt at the Piano (1840) by Joseph Danhauser, Nationalgalerie, Berlin
Rossini by unknown painter, Museo Rossini, Bologna
Guillaume de Machaut (1584) miniature by unknown painter, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
Guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois by unknown painter, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
Bincois (1432) by Jan Eyck, National Gallery, London
Josquin des Prez (1870) by Gustav Adolf Gaupp, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris (based on a woodcut (1611) by Petrus Opmeer, from 'Opus Chronographicum')
Alessandro Scarlatti by Lorenzo Vaccaro, Biblioteca del Conservatorio di Musica St. Pietro a Majella, Naples
Vivaldi (1723) by Francois Morellon La Cave, Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale, Bologna
Rameau by Jacques Aved, Musee des Beaux-Arts, Dijon
Rameau by Jean Jacques Caffieri (icon)
Salieri by an unknown artist, Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna
Carl Maria von Weber (1820) by Caroline Bardua, Nationalgalerie Berlin
Frescobaldi by unknown painter, Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Rome
Mendelssohn, (1845) by Eduard Magnus, Stadtgeschichtliches Museum, Leipzig
Palestrina by unknown painter
Schütz by Christoph Spetner, Karl Marx University, Leipzig
Hassler (1593), Engraving by Domenico Custos, Staats und Stadtbibliothek, Augsburg
Schumann (1859) by Dessin d'E Bendemann
Schumann (1839) by Joseph Kriehuber, Schumann Museum, Zwickau
Telemann (1750) by V. D. Preisler, Nuremberg
Gluck (a portrait - 1775) by Joseph-Sigfrede Duplessis, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna
Gluck with his wife (c. 1772) in the Historical Museum, Vienna (icon)
Haydn (1792) by Thomas hardy, collection of the Royal College of Music, London
Haydn by unknown painter, Victoria & Albert Museum, London
Tchaikovsky (1893) by Nicolai Kusnezoff, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Bruckner (1893) by A. Miksch, Picture gallery, St. Florian Abbey
Puccini by Antonio Bardi, villa of Puccini, Torre del Lago Puccini
Giacomo Puccini by Luigi De Servi, Palazzo Mansi, Lucca
Orlando di Lasso by unknown painter
Luther by Lucas Cranach the elder, Glaeria Uffizi, Florence
Glinka (1887) by Ilia Repin (1844-1930) - manipulated, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Mussorgsky 10 before his death (1881) by Repin (1844-1930), Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Hugo Wolf by unknown painter, Historisches Museum der Stadt, Wien
Sibelius (1894) by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Sibelius Museum, Ainola
Gounod (1867) by Edouard Dubufe, Private collection of François Davin
Faure (1889) by John Singer Sargent (1856-1925) Musée de la musique, Paris
Hildegard von Bingen (detail - c. 1240) from Lucca Codex
Paganini by Pierre de Pommayrac, Doria-Tursi Pallace, Genova
Smetana by unknown painter, Smetana Museum, Prague
Elgar (1913) by Philip Burne Jones, Worchester City Council
J. Strauss Jr. (1888) by August Eisenmenger, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna
Satie (1892-93) by Suzanne Valadon, Archives Erik Satie, Paris
Bizet by L. Mitterfellner, Ackermanns Sammlerband No. 2
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov (1898) by Valentin Serov (1865-1911), Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov (1893) by Ilya Repin (1844-1930), The Russian Museum, St. Peterburg
Grieg (1884) by Franz von Lenbach, Troldhaugen Museum
Borodin by Ilia Repin (1844-1930)
Shostakovich by Lauri Toivio, Copyright 2000 Uusinta Publishing Company Ltd.
Dvorak by Lauri Toivio, Copyright 2000 Uusinta Publishing Company Ltd.
Stravinsky by Lauri Toivio, Copyright 2000 Uusinta Publishing Company Ltd.
Tchaikovsky by Lauri Toivio, Copyright 2000 Uusinta Publishing Company Ltd.
Hindemith by Lauri Toivio, Copyright 2000 Uusinta Publishing Company Ltd.
Alexander Glazunov (1887) by Ilya Repin (1844-1930), The Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
Cherubini by Jean Auguste Ingres, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Rachmaninoff by Angel Peterchev, Copyright 2001
Frescobaldi picture courtesy of Roberto Acquaroli
Clara Schumann by Franz Lenbach, Robert-Schumann-Haus, Zwickau





In Political Developments
King Henry VIII of England, The British Museum, London



In Funny Composers
Berlioz with his "poor" orchestra players - a caricature from 1846, Bibliotheque de l'Opera, Paris
Vivaldi - caricature (1723) by Pier Leone Ghezzi, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome
Liszt a caricature by unknown painter




In musical instruments screens
St cecilia and the angel, Orazio Gentileschi (1563-1639)
Musician Angels [part] (1485) Hans Memling, Koninkijk Museum, Antwerp
The Ghent Altarpiece: Angels Playing Music (1426-27) Jan van Eyck, Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent
The Duet (1749) Anthony Davis, Victoria and Albert museum, London
Mezzetin (c.1718-20) Jean-Antoine Watteau, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The scale of Love (1718) Jean-Antoine Watteau, National Gallery, London
Allegory of Music (1649) Laurent de La Hire, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Concert (1485-95) Lorenzo Costa, National Gallery, London
A fresco of musician "Legend of St. Martin" (detail - c. 1330) by Simone Martini, Galleria degli Uffizi, Firenze
Afro-American slaves (the begining of 19th century) by unknown painter, The Abbey Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Collection, Williamsburg, Virginia
Part from Musician Angels (two portions of a triptych) (1485) hans Memling, Koninkijk Museum at Antwerpþ
King David is playing the Harp (12th century) from an old English book
The Ghent Altarpiece: Angels Playing Music (1426-27) Jan van Eyck, Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent
Musicians in Angvin - Violin player amongst different players (1375)
Appollo and the muse - detail (1511) Raphael
Child plays the bass viol (1649) Laurent de La Hire, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Music Party (1626) Harmenszoon van RIJN Rembrandt, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Upaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud) (1894) Paul Gauguin, The Baltimore Museum of Art, The Cone Collection
St Cecilia (1617-18) by Domenichino, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Still-life with Musical Instruments - Detail (c. 1650) Evaristo Baschenis, Carrara Academy Gallery, Bergamo
Musicians in Angvin - ancient trumpet player amongst different players (1375)
Procession of the religious orders of Antwerp - detail (1616) Denis van Alsloot, Museo del Prado, Madrid
The Discovery of Fire (c. 1934-35) Rene Magritte, Collection of Leslee and David Rogath
The Fifer (1866) Edouard Manet, Musee d'Orsay, Paris
Concert of Women (1530-40) master of Female Half-length, The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Flute concert at Sans Souci (1852) by Adolf Menzel, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin
Les Musiciens a l'orchestre (1872) Edgar Degas, Musée du Louvre, Paris
The Player on the Flute (c. 1721) by Janos Kupetzky, Museum der bildenden Kunste, Budapest
The Nightwatch (1642) Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
De Musica - Drummer amongst different players (1375) Boethius, Biblioteca Nazionale, Naples
Musicians (c. 3rd century) Dioscourides of Samos, Mosaic from Villa of Cicero at Pompeii, National Museum - Naples
St. Cecilia with Saints (1514-1516) Raphael, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna, Italy
Yvonne and Christine Lerolle Playing the Piano (1897) Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, France
Lady at the Virginals (1662-65) Jan Vermeer van Delft, National Gallery, London
The Ghent Altarpiece: Angels Playing Music (1426-27) Jan van Eyck, Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent
Stradivari in his workshop (1886) by Allessandro Rinaldi, Museo Civico Ala Ponzone, Cremona
Conductor and composer Anton Rubinstein (1887) by Ilya Repin (1844-1930), The Russian Museum, St. Peterburg
Chart for Conductors (1906) by Schliessmann, from 'Lustige Blatter'


10 drawings copied with permission from the book:
Bonanni's Antique Musical Instruments and Their Players, Frank L. Harrison & Joan Rimmer (editors), Dover Publications, Inc., New-York:
Castanets
Dulcimer
French Horn
Gong
Oboe
Pan Flute
Serpent
Shawm
Spinet
Tambourine





In Early Musical Instruments
La musicienne by Van der Helst, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York



In periods screens
Musicians (13th century) from Cantigas de Santa Maria, El Escorial, Real Biblioteca de San Lorenzo
Wanderer above the sea of fog (c. 1818) Caspar David Friedrich, Kunsthalle, Hamburg
Leopold Mozart with his 2 kids - Wolfgang and Anna (1764) Louis de Carmontelle, National Library in Paris
De Musica - Drummer amongst different players (1375) Boethius, Biblioteca Nazionale, Naples
Aulos and clappers (c. fifth century B.C.) from Epictete's painting on a goblet, The British Museum, London
The lute by Carpaccio, The Academy, Venice
Guido d'Arezzo's musical hand, Bodleian Library, Oxford



In lessons screens
The Lute Player (c. 1596) by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
A 12th century musician, National Portrait Gallery, London
A Man and a Woman Seated at a Virginal by Gabriel Metsu, National Gallery, London



In musical forms screens
Procession of the religious orders of Antwerp - detail (1616) Denis van Alsloot, Museo del Prado, Madrid
The dance to the music of time (1640) Nicolas Poussin, Wallace Collection, London
The angels Concert (1470) by Piero della Francesca, National Gallery, London
A fresco of musician (detail) by Simone Martini, Galleria degli Uffizi, Firenze (or: St. Francesco, Asizi)
Wanderer above the sea of fog (c. 1818) Caspar David Friedrich, Kunsthalle, Hamburg
Cantoria - Group of singing boys (1431-1439) Lucca della Robbia, Museo dell'Opera del Duom, Florence
'The Coronation of the Virgin' (processed details) by unknown painter, Bayerische Staatsgemaldesammlungen, Munich
'Der Kanzler' (14th century) from the manesse MS, UniversitatsBibliothek, Heidelberg
Berlioz with his "poor" orchestra players - a caricature from 1846, Bibliotheque de l'Opera, Paris
Singer with a Glove, Edgar Degas, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
King David playing music with his musicians (13 century) from the player book of St. Elizabeth, National Library, Vienna
A Lady Standing at the Virginal (1673) by Jan Vermeer van Delft, National Gallery, London
A Lady Seated at the Virginal (1675) by Jan Vermeer van Delft, National Gallery, London
'The Concert' (c. 1530) in Schloss Rohrau, Graf Harrach'sche Familiensammlung, Vienna - probably A clone of Concert of Women (1530-40) master of Female Half-length, The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Musical Fête (1747) by Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Im kreise seiner familie - detail (1840) by Michael Leitermayer, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna



In Music and Dance screen
A Peasant Dance by Peter Paul Rubens, Museo del Prado, Madrid
The Peasant Dance (1568) Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna



In history of art screens
A man plays an instrument with a bow (mid Magdalenian culture) Cave painting, Grotto of Trois Freres, Ariege
3 women musicians plays ancient lute, flute and harp, a tomb painting, Egypt (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
Egyptians play the harp, lute, double oboe and lyre (c. 1420-1411 B.C.) tomb painting in Veset
Greek sculpture showing a girl plays the Aulos (460-470 BC) in Museo Nazionale, Rome
A tibia player (470-80 BC) detail from wall painting in the tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia
Musicians playing Lyre & Aulos (6 century BC) Cave painting
Orpheus plays for the animals (c. 3rd century) Mosaic
Roman street musicians with small cymbals and large tympanon (frame drum) (1st century B.C.) Dioscorides of Samos, Mosaic from Villa of Cicero at Pompeii (National Museum, Athens)
The angels Concert (1470) by Piero della Francesca, National Gallery, London
Musician Angels (two portions of a triptych) (1485) Hans Memling, Koninkijk Museum at Antwerp
Cantoria (1431-1439) Lucca della Robbia, Museo dell'Opera del Duom, Firenze
Saint Cecilia (1569) Michiel van Coxcie, Museo del Prado, Madrid
Appollo and the muse - detail (1511) Raphael, Vatican, Rome
St. Cecilia with Saints (1514-1516) Raphael, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna, Italy
The musicians (1600) Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Nightwatch (1642) Harmenszoon van Rijn Rembrandt, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
The Hurdy-Gurdy Player (1620-30) Georges De la Tour, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Nantes
A child plays the bass viol (1649) Laurent de La Hire, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Mezzetin (c.1718-20) Jean-Antoine Watteau, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Leopold Mozart with his 2 kids - Wolfgang and Anna (1764) Louis de Carmontelle, British Museum
The Opera orchestra (1869) Edgar Degas, Musee d'Orsay, Paris
Upaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud) (1894) Paul Gauguin, The Baltimore Museum of Art, The Cone Collection
Yvonne and Christine Lerolle Playing the Piano (1897) Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, France.
Jeunes filles au piano (Girls at the Piano) (1892) Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Musee d'Orsay, Paris
The Rehearsal (1873-78) Edgar Degas, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Singer with a Glove, Edgar Degas, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Cabaret (1877) Edgar Degas, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington
The Scream (1893) Edvard Munch,Nasjongalleriet, Oslo
The Sleeping Gypsy (1897) Henri Rousseau, The Museum of Modern Art, New York
La Musique (1939) Henri Matisse, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY
Jazz: Icarus (1943) Henri Matisse, The Estate of Matisse, copyright S.P.A.D.E.M, Paris
Guitar (1913) Pablo Picasso, Tate Gallery, London
Three Musicians (1921) Pablo Picasso, The Museum of Modern Art, New York
The Violin (1916) Juan Gris, Kunstmuseum, Basel
Girl At Piano (serigraph-1963) by Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997)
Four-marilyns (1979-86) Andy Warhol, Ileana & Michael Sonnabend Collection



In the ensembles screen
Leopold Mozart with his 2 kids - Wolfgang and Anna (1764) Louis de Carmontelle, British Museum
The angels Concert (1470) Piero della Francesca, National Gallery, London
'Der Kanzler' (14th century) from the manesse MS, UniversitatsBibliothek, Heidelberg
Haydn quartet (1907) by Franz Hanfstaengl (1804 - 1877 ), Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien, Vienna

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Reference:

References & Supplementary Reading List

1. A History of Western Music. Donald Jay Grout. Claude V. Palisca. W.W. Norton & Company. 1996.
2. Music in Western Civilization. Paul Henry Lang. W.W. Norton & Company. 1997.
3. History of Opera. Stanley Sadie (Editor). W.W. Norton & Company. 1990.
4. Maestro. Please!. Ed Fisher. Applause Books. 1992. The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments. Anthony C. Baines. Oxford University Press. 1992.
5. Musical Instruments Through the Ages. Anthony Baines (editor). Walker & Co. 1976.
6. The Enjoyment of Music: . Kristine Forney. W.W. Norton & Company. 1996.
7. Musicians' Guide to Acoustics. Murray Campbell. Clive Greated. Schirmer. 1987.
8. The Physics and Psychophysics of Music: An Introduction. Juan G. Roederer. Springer-Verlag. 1995.
9. The Norton/Grove Encyclopedia of Music. W.W. Norton & Company. New York. 1988. Macmillan Press Ltd.. London
10. The New College Encyclopedia of Music. J.A. Westrup and F.Ll. Harrison. 1960 W.W. Norton & Company. Inc.. New York
11. Harvard Dictionary of Music. Willi Apel. Harvard University Press. Cambridge MA 1960
12. Essential Dictionary of Music Notation. Tom Gerou & Linda Lusk. Alfred Publishing Co.. Inc. Los Angeles. 1996.
13. A Dictionary of Musical Quotations. Ian Crofton & Donald Fraser. Schirmer Books - A division of Macmillan. Inc. New York. 1989
14. The Story of Painting: From the Renaissance to the Present. Könemann. Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Köln. 1995
15. Ultimate visual dictionary. Jo Evans (editor). Dorling kindersley limited. London. 1994
16. Musical Masterpieces. Jean-Jacques Soleil & Guy Lelong. W & R Chambers Ltd. Edinburg. 1991
17. The Larousse Encyclopedia of Music. Geoffrey Hindley (Editor). Hamlyn Publishing. Middlesex. 1971