Composers
Handel
Gluck
Donizetti
Weber
Rossini
Mendelssohn
Stravinsky
Verdi
Wagner
Debussy
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Aria
The aria is a song from an opera
or an oratorio,
however composers wrote concert arias solely for performance in concert
halls, rather than in the frame of musical drama as the opera. In most
arias, the opening theme returns before the end - an
a-b-a form.
In
contrast to recitative,
characterised by recitation contributing to the story line, the aria uses
in the opera as the pure form of musical expression, and an instrument
of articulating feelings. With Handel,
the area is vastly used, implementing the perception of human voice as
a musical instrument, what brought him and other aria composers to write
display arias, in which singers manifested their vocal ability and virtuosity.
Gluck,
who opposed this phenomenon of making the aria a spectacle of the singer's
capability, and his successors Donizetti,
Weber
and Rossini
took the aria back to its origins - a dramatic
form, melodic yet technically restrained.
Verdi,
also among the greatest opera writers,
wrote wondrous arias, and his funeral, a 200,000 people audience repaid
him by a spontaneous singing of one of his works.
Those who believed in drama underestimated
the aria's independent importance - Wagner
absorbed the aria in the general musical frame
(under the motto of "non-sop-music"), and Debussy
attached it to a recitative, in a joint "singing-speaking"
style.
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