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The Opera orchestra (1869) Edgar DegasUpaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud) (1894) Paul Gauguin, The Baltimore Museum of Art, The Cone Collection



Romanticism
In the Romantic period, there is a clear tendency towards focusing on art, and defiance against conventions. The search is for a living, exploratory art, instead of fossil art, recreating styles of the past. The artistic centre moves to Paris.
"Realism" - a school that aspired to present nature as it is, with no staging or revere to harmony and symmetry. Simple and daily scenes, common people from all parts of the population, with no beautification or refining effects. This trend challenged the "Academy", that had set rules as to what may be painted and how one should paint, and believed in the "idealisation" of nature.
Opera musicians created their own "realism" in the opera verismo, which is "closer to reality". Different operas described harsh, cruel stories, and certainly not mythological themes, as did operas of the past. This angle was Bizet's inspiration for his passionate opera "Carmen", and Puccini used it for the Japanese geisha story of "Madam Butterfly".
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