Aria
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Main Period: Baroque
Kind: Vocal

Composers


Handel


Gluck


Donizetti


Weber


Rossini


Mendelssohn


Stravinsky


Verdi


Wagner


Debussy
Singer with a Glove, Edgar Degas, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Aria
The aria is a song from an operaAria from 'Madam Butterfly' - Puccini or an oratorio, however composers wrote concert arias solely for performance in concert halls, rather than in the frame of musical drama as the opera. In most arias, the opening theme returns before the end - an a-b-a form.
A stamp dedicated to the opera 'Carmen' / Magyar PostaIn contrast to recitative, characterised by recitation contributing to the story line, the aria uses in the opera as the pure form of musical expression, and an instrument of articulating feelings. With Handel, the area is vastly used, implementing the perception of human voice as a musical instrument, what brought him and other aria composers to write display arias, in which singers manifested their vocal ability and virtuosity.
Gluck, who opposed this phenomenon of making the aria a spectacle of the singer's capability, and his successors Donizetti, Weber and Rossini took the aria back to its origins - a dramatic form, melodic yet technically restrained.
Verdi, also among the greatest opera writers'La donna e mobile' from 'Rigoletto' - Verdi'Celeste Aida' from 'Aida' - VerdiThe drinking song from 'La Traviata', wrote wondrous arias, and his funeral, a 200,000 people audience repaid him by a spontaneous singing of one of his works.
Those who believed in drama underestimated the aria's independent importance - Wagner absorbed the aria in the general musical frame (under the motto of "non-sop-music"), and Debussy attached it to a recitative, in a joint "singing-speaking" style.


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