Madrigal
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Main Period: Middle Ages, Renaissance
Kind: Vocal

Composers


Monteverdi


Palestrina


di Lasso


Hassler
'Der Kanzler' (14th century) from the manesse MS, UniversitatsBibliothek, Heidelberg
Madrigal
A secular song for unaccompanied soloists, in which imitation between the voices is prominent'Oh beautiful woman' - Madrigal. In the beginning of the 14th century, composers in Italy started writing madrigals. The blind madrigalist Francesco Landini was among the first composers identified with this particular genre. There is much dispute over the source of the name "madrigal", and several explanations, among which is "German shepherd songs (mandriali)" or "songs in the mother tongue (matricale)". The madrigal, as opposed to choir songs of its time, was not based on a pre-given voice (cantus firmus).
In the 16th century, after a period of some decline, the madrigal reappeared as a vocal contrapuntal polyphonic form of secular content (the motet was its religious parallel). Madrigals of that time were written for popular poems about love and affection. Palestrina (who wrote religious madrigals, too), Orlando di Lasso, Gesualdo and Monteverdi were among the madrigalists of this century. There were others, outside of Italy (such as Hassler in Germany and Victoria in Spain) who composed in this field.
Madrigals used renaissance modes, for the major-minor system was not yet set as the main methodology in customary scales for composition.


The madrigal's religious brother-form is the motet


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