Germany

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HistoryCapital: Berlin
Continent: Europe



Schütz

Luther


Gluck


Hassler


Bach


Telemann


Handel


Beethoven


Schumann


Brahms


Weber


Wagner


Mendelssohn


Richard Strauss


Hindemith


Weill


Orff


Stockhausen

Germany
One of the most important countries in European culture in general, and of the Romantic period in particular. This country, which was an essential cultural factor in 19th century Europe, contributed a lot to the formation of the Romantic sound, through the works of BeethovenOde to Joy from Symphony No.9 in D- 'Choral', Op.125 - Beethoven, BrahmsHungarian Dance No.5 - Johannes Brahms, WeberConcertino for clarinet, Op.26 - Weber, Schumann'Knight of the wooden horse' (No.9) from 'Scenes from Childhood' Op.15 - Schumann and MendelssohnViolin Concerto in E minor - Mendelssohn. But with composers such as Schütz, Gluck'Dance of the Blessed Spirits' - Gluck, Telemann and the BachToccata & Fugue in Dm for organ BWV 565 - J.S. Bach dynasty, Germany was dominant since earlier times.
The German lied, in which the Austrian Schubert1st movement from Symphony No.8 'Unfinished' D849 - Schubert and Hugo Wolf excelled, seems as the most intimate, authentic form of expression of a lost romantic culture. MahlerPart 3 'Feierlich und gemessen, ohne zu schleppend' from symphony no.1 in D, 'Titan' - Mahler and Bruckner, with their impressive symphonic music played by bigger orchestras than ever before, characterize Germany's strong will to obtain dominance in Europe.
Yet more than anyone else, Richard Wagner'Mein Vater' from 'Parsifal' - Wagner represents Germany's tendency for art that explores its past, along with the wish to create a new independent culture for itself. Wagner identified with von-Bismark's struggle for German unity, against the ruling powerful Austrian emperor. When Bismark had won, Wagner dedicated his operas to the ancient pagan German mythology (for instance, "The Nibelung's Ring" cycle). In the town of Bayreuth, King Ludwig II of Bavaria even founded "the shrine for German art" for him, where purely "national art" plays were performed on stage. His anti-Semitic views and artistic approach made the Nazis adore Wagner's music, and for many years after his death he became Hitler's symbol of Aryan culture. Richard StraussThe Introduction from 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra' , Op.30 - Richard Strauss ("Till Eulenschpiegel"), who was also cultivated by the Nazi regime, was considered, however inaccurately, as his successor, although this notion was probably distorted and exaggerated.
German composers in early 20th century like Hindemith1st part from 'Mathis der Maler Symphony' - Hindemith and Kurt Weill'Mack the Knife' from 'Threepenny (Beggar's) Opera' - Weill contributed the concept of "functional music" (Gebrauchmusik), and composed such music as part of the general artistic trend of "functional art".

Dances originated in this country:
AllemandeBadinerie from Orchestral Suite No.2 in B-, BWV.1067 - J.S. Bach - a moderate German dance, in 3/4.

GalopBadinerie from Orchestral Suite No.2 in B-, BWV.1067 - J.S. Bach - a cheerful circle dance in a triple metre from Germany.



Musical cities in Germany

Leipzig
Bonn




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