 The
conductor is the orchestra's "boss". He or she is the
one required to prepare the orchestra
to perform a musical piece ,
and he does so by guiding the players how to perform it, both at the rehearsals
that take place before the concert and during the actual performance. The
conductor needs to possess vast knowledge in fields of performance practice,
orchestration,
the orchestral sound typical of different eras, music theory, the background
to the writing of the piece, the manner in which the composer wishes to
deliver his art to the audience and more. The conductor
shows the rhythm, by which to play, with one hand, and uses the other one
to indicate volume, entries and exits and other performance instructions.
(the paper showing the notes of all instruments
of the orchestra) by heart. Toscanini ,
perhaps the most magnificent conductor in the history of music, possessed
an astonishing memory, and conducted dozens of pieces every month, most
of which, without having the score facing him.  ,
Mendelssohn,
Beethoven,
Mahler,
Haydn
and Lully,
who died as a result of the conducting pole hitting his foot.Beethoven Symphony No. 5, 3rd mvt Arturo Toscanini/NBC Symphony Orchestra Great conductors on USA stamps 
 Great conductors among the composers
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 Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957)
Famous conductors on the web
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