Trumpet
Tuning: B flat (Bb)
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Still-life with Musical Instruments - Detail (c. 1650) Evaristo Baschenis, Carrara Academy Gallery, Bergamo
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The Trumpet
Among the ancient instruments mentioned as early as in the Old Testament. In ancient times, they were believed to have magical powers: sorcerers would peak into them, and their voice would be concealed and sound out as the voice of the gods. Armies sounded the trumpet when going to war, and wrapped it in a red cloth (a custom symbolically maintained by military bands to this very day). In ceremonies and celebrations, trumpet blasts are still commonplace, in different versions.
Unlike the nowadays trumpet, twisted and having valves, the ancient trumpet was straight, and produced different sound pitches was done solely by altering the player's lips positions. Until Beethoven's time, trumpets had a rather limited role in symphonic music. Since they had only one key, they could not play chromatic parts. Ever since the valve system was invented, the trumpet gained diverse possibilities of performance. Bach included in his Brandenburg Concerto no. 2, a virtuoso solo section for the trumpet, and Purcell wrote a trumpet sonata. Vivaldi composed a concerto for two trumpets, and Haydn's trumpet concerto is also quite known. But the most famous trumpet piece is Verdi's triumph march from the opera "Aida"March from 'Aida' / Verdi.
In addition to classical music, the trumpet is among the most common of instruments in marching bands, brass bands and Jazz music.


Cornet

The Cornet
A valved brass instrument which first appeared in early 19th century Paris. Its tone is softer and less brilliant than the trumpet's. Composers like Berlioz in the Symphonie Fantastique, Elgar and Stravinsky all included the cornet in their orchestrations. The cornet is now mainly used in brass and military bands and is seldom found in the classical or dance bands. Jazz legendary musician and composer Louis Armstrong played the cornet and demonstrated the possibilities of the instrument in this style of music.



Louis Armstrong - one of the best Jazz trumpet players

Musicians in Angvin - ancient Trumpet player amongst different players (1375)
Middle ages trumpets
Composers


Bach


Vivaldi


Haydn


Purcell


Beethoven


Verdi





"Benaiah also and Jahaziel the priests with trumpets continually before the ark of the covenant of God." (1 Chronicles, chapter 16:6)


Paintings
Still-life with Musical Instruments - Detail (c. 1650) Evaristo Baschenis, Carrara Academy Gallery, Bergamo
Musicians in Angvin - ancient Trumpet player amongst different players (1375)

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